“in conflict,” carl von clausewitz counseled, “the result is never very last.” on nov. 9, 2020, armenian prime minister nikol pashinyan discovered this lesson the difficult way when he signed a ceasefire that positioned an stop to a forty four-day war with azerbaijan over the territory of mountainous karabakh and seven adjoining provinces. It become a crushing defeat that erased armenia’s victory within the first karabakh battle, a six-year armed battle that had concluded simply over a quarter century ago.
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